A 58-year-old man presents with 2 hours of central crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm. Troponin is significantly elevated. Which of the following best describes the earliest microscopic change seen in irreversibly injured myocardium after infarction?

Which of the following is the single most important modifiable risk factor for the development of ischaemic heart disease?

A patient develops sudden hypotension and distended neck veins 5 days after a transmural anterior myocardial infarction. Echocardiography shows a large pericardial effusion with tamponade physiology. Which complication has most likely occurred?

Stable angina pectoris is classically produced by fixed coronary artery stenosis of what approximate luminal narrowing?

Which cardiac biomarker remains the most sensitive and specific for detecting myocardial injury, and can stay elevated for up to 7-10 days after infarction?

Chronic systemic hypertension characteristically produces which pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy?

A long-standing hypertensive patient develops progressive exertional dyspnoea. Echocardiography shows a thickened, stiff left ventricle with preserved ejection fraction. Which type of heart failure does this represent?

An atheroma is defined as:

Circle the odd man out of the following risk factors:

Atherosclerotic plaques contain all of the following principal components EXCEPT:

Circle the false aneurysm out of the following:

Thoracic aortic aneurysms can give rise to all of the following EXCEPT:

In cyanotic congenital heart diseases, the heart defects reduce the amount of oxygen delivered to the rest of the body. Circle a cyanotic heart disease out of the following:

Accelerated or malignant hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by all of the following, circle the incorrect statement:

Which of the following is wrong concerning different forms of hypertension?

Regarding hypertension (HTN), all the following sentences are not INCORRECT EXCEPT (i.e. choose the one TRUE statement):

Which of the following statements doesn't link well with pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia)?

Which of the following IS NOT an acute plaque change implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction?

Which of the following statements regarding aortic stenosis is incorrect?

A 7-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of knee, hip and elbow joint pain associated with arthralgia, low to moderate grade fever, a skin rash (described by the mother as "ringworms"), and involuntary purposeless movements. Lab investigations show elevated ESR and C-reactive protein; physical examination reveals pericardial friction rubs, tachycardia, and weak first and second heart sounds, with no murmurs. What is the diagnosis?

Which of the following doesn't link well with rheumatic fever?

A 10-year-old boy presents to the hospital with features of heart failure. On further history taking, it is uncovered that he has previously suffered from repetitive sore throats. He is diagnosed with rheumatic valve disease according to the 2023 World Heart Federation criteria. What pathophysiology underlies this condition?

Concerning endocarditis, choose the correct statement:

Circle the odd man out of the following regarding diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis: